Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 12-15.

I have included the last few verses from yesterday’s passage in today’s reading because I do not think we properly understand Abram’s story without them.  Abram’s story actually begins with his father, Terah.  Terah had three sons, Abram, Nahor, and Haran.  I had always thought that Haran was Terah’s eldest son, but today I realized that the passage does not tell us the order of birth for Terah’s sons. I had just assumed that Haran was the eldest because he died before Terah took his family and left Ur.  However the main reason that I want to start with these couple of verses from chapter 11 is because they tell us that Terah left Ur intending to relocate to Canaan, but decided to stop in the city of Harran for reasons which are not explained.  Interestingly, Terah would have left Ur about the time when historians believe that the Epic of Gilgamesh was composed.  The Epic of Gilgamesh contains a flood story which is thought to be the source for the flood story in Genesis, but perhaps it went the other way around.  So, perhaps Terah left Ur because a corrupted version of the stories of Creation which he knew were being used by those in power to consolidate their control. (Hmmm, where else have we seen political leaders corrupt the facts people believe in order to consolidate power? How about repeatedly throughout history?).  Further, when I did my blog post for January 1 of this year I came across an article which made the argument that the Garden of Eden would have been somewhere close to Canaan (perhaps even in Canaan).  Which puts an entirely new light on why God gave Canaan to the descendants of Abram.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 8-11.

I first noticed what God told Noah about eating living creatures in Genesis chapter nine verses three and four a few years ago, but never thought to comment on it before today.  While the Law of Moses restricted what the Children of Israel could eat, God had told Noah that everything which lives and moves could be eaten, along with every green plant (interestingly, this seems to leave out mushrooms and other fungi as food approved by God).  When He spoke to Noah, God gave him one dietary restriction: eat nothing with the lifeblood still in it.  This prohibition against eating something with blood in it serves as a reminder of God’s command against shedding the blood of our fellow humans.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 4-7.

As I was reading today’s passage the first thing which struck me is that the genealogy in chapter five does not tell us that the sons named were the first born.  Before today I had never realized that the passage does not make any claim that Enosh was Seth’s first born son, the same being true for each of those listed after this.  So, while the passage definitively tells us that Seth was Adam’s third born son (after Cain and Abel), it makes no particular claim about the birth order for the rest of those listed (except that they each had younger brothers and sisters).  The other thing I never before realized is that the passage seems to imply that Seth was Adam’s true heir.  The wording of the passage seems to suggest that Cain lost his rights as the first born son because he killed his brother, which made Seth the eldest remaining son to Adam.

While none of these thoughts seem to me to have any spiritual significance, they are what came to me as I read this passage today.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 1-3.

It is so very appropriate to start the year with the Creation story(stories).  We really have two Creation stories here.  However, they are not in conflict, nor do they need to be reconciled because they are about two different things.  In chapter one we have the story about how the entire universe came to be, culminating in the creation of mankind.  I am convinced that the person who first told this story as we have it written down considered themselves to be living on the seventh day, when God rested from creating everything that is.

The second story is about how man came to be and how things came to be as those hearing the story saw the earth to be (and how we see the earth to be).  Today I want to focus on the eating of the fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.  Before they ate from the tree, Adam and Eve were unable to do evil because they did not know what evil was.  The sin which Adam and Eve committed was to try and be like God.  When confronted by God about their wrongdoing, both Adam and Eve attempted to pass the blame to someone else: Adam blamed Eve, while Eve blamed the serpent.  Interestingly, Eve was not present when God gave the command not to eat the fruit from that particular tree as she had not yet been created (and while I do not think we should put very much theological thought into woman being created after man, I do believe that Eve being created after Adam has a lot to do with understanding the meaning of this story).  And, quite simply, Adam does not really have an out of blaming Eve for picking the fruit and then giving it to him.  Adam was there the entire time while the serpent attempted to convince Eve to eat from the tree.  As for Eve, even though she was not present when God gave the command not to eat the fruit, she knew that He had given that command.  Eve did not share the fruit with Adam because it was so tasty, rather she did so in order to share the blame with him.  To put it simply, Adam and Eve (man and woman) are equally to blame for the sinful state of mankind.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 48-50.

I realized as I started writing that my thoughts on today’s passage do not really tie together.  So, I will just write them down as I come to them. I find it interesting that Jacob blessed the second of Joseph’s sons over the first born son, just as his father had blessed him over his elder brother Esau.  I am unaware of any significance to this fact other than that the tribe of Ephraim, the younger of Joseph’s sons, was more prominent in the nation of Ancient Israel than the tribe of Manasseh.  Then, Jacob’s predictions/blessings of his twelve sons seem prescient in a way that might lead one to think they were attributed to Jacob by someone from a later era who knew how things turned out.  Except, that I would expect someone who knew how things turned out in the Israelite settlement of Canaan to mention the connection between the descendants of Levi and the priesthood.  Further in looking at these blessings, the blessing of (or perhaps just prediction about) Judah contains elements which clearly connect to the Gospel accounts.  I cannot help but see the mention of the donkey connecting to Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem. And between the phrase about washing his garments in wine. the blood of grapes connects in my mind to what Jesus said about wine and His blood at the Last Supper.  Additionally, it seems to me that the account of the Egyptian mourning for the death of Jacob and the recording that many officials of Pharaoh’s Court accompanied Jacob’s sons to Canaan for Jacob’s burial represents something which will at some point match up to some archeological record.  Finally, we have Joseph’s deathbed command to his brothers (personally, I suspect that this actually referred to the descendants of his brothers as much as to his actual brothers, but “brothers” was less cumbersome to write).  Joseph both demonstrated his faith in God and provided a “myth” for the descendants of Jacob to rally around.  The way I am using “myth” here I mean a story, which may be true or may be false (in this case I believe it to be true), which provides a basis for a group of people to unite around and for them to have hope when bad times arise.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 45-47.

When Joseph revealed himself to his brothers, they were terrified that he held a grudge against them for what they had done.  Their reaction on their first visit indicates that they had been living with guilt for having sold their brother into slavery all of these years.  Now, he had chance to pay them back for their treachery, and they could not blame him.  However, instead of having lived with a grudge against those who had wronged him, Joseph had lived his life making the best out of every situation and worshiping God.  So Joseph saw what had happened to him as part of God’s plan.  Instead of seeking payback against his brothers, Joseph used his position, and his understandings of Egyptian bias, to get his family the land in Egypt best suited for them.   Joseph did not spend his life bemoaning his fate and seeking to inflict suffering on those responsible for his suffering.  In fact, he did not assign blame for his suffering to anyone.  Instead he chose to look at his suffering as necessary steps for God to put him in the place where he could do the most good.  Let us live our lives similarly.

Another interesting thing about this passage is that it allows us to look at the archeological record to see if we can confirm it.   Interestingly, there was a period in Egyptian history where power shifted from a  group of nobles to the Pharaoh in a manner which might match up to that described as happening under Joseph.  In addition, a group of people with ties to Canaan occupied the area of Egypt referred to here as Goshen in a time frame which might be consistent with the way this passage describes Jacob’s descendants settling there.  However, the timing of those two archeological findings are currently believed to have occurred earlier than the biblical account records Joseph as having lived (there are a couple of events which are recorded later in the Bible for which we have solid archeological evidence and dating, and the biblical account gives us a pretty solid idea of how long before those events Joseph lived–it is actually a window of time, depending on how you interpret several passages which give length of time between events).  On the other hand, some recent developments in archeology have led archeologists to question whether a significant portion of early Egyptian history occurred as far back in time as currently believed (to understand this one must understand that the dates for events in much of early Egyptian history are arrived at by counting backwards from certain events which are reliably dated and recent findings suggest that some of that counting backwards was based on faulty assumptions).

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 42-44.

I am not sure that I ever noticed this before: when Joseph insisted that one of them remain imprisoned in Egypt until they returned with their youngest brother and chose Simeon, Joseph’s brothers returned to their father and families with the food they had bought.  They remained in Canaan until they ran out of food.  However, when Joseph demanded that they leave Benjamin, they all returned to Egypt and Judah, whose idea it had been to sell Joseph into slavery, offered himself up as a slave in Benjamin’s place.  I am not sure I can word the importance of this difference in how they responded to Simeon’s imprisonment and Benjamin’s potential enslavement.  In addition to that I want to note that when he sent his sons to Egypt a second time Israel thought he had lost a second son with Simeon’s imprisonment…he did not think that Simeon would be alive to be released when his brothers returned to Egypt.  Part of the difference in the reaction of Joseph’s brothers to the imprisonment of Simeon vs the potential enslavement of Benjamin was the fact that they believed the situation was punishment for what they had done to Joseph.  Simeon shared their guilt in that, but Benjamin did not.

Looking at the story one might wonder why Judah’s offer to be enslaved in place of Benjamin moved Joseph more than all of the brothers offering to be enslaved with Benjamin.  The latter was not exactly what a simple reading of the passage suggests.  If Joseph had enslaved all eleven of them as they “offered” it would have had serious negative consequences for the Kingdom of Egypt in dealing with other foreigners.  The brothers understood that when they made the offer.  Understand, I do not want to diminish the fact that they were united in standing up for their brother Benjamin.  So, while Joseph was touched by his brothers standing up for Benjamin, who had clearly taken his place as his father’s favorite, it was Judah’s willingness to suffer in Benjamin’s place which moved Joseph to tears.  His brothers had changed.  They had become a family.  And it was at this point that Joseph understood why he had experienced the suffering which he went through.  God had a plan to forge Jacob’s family into a nation.  Abram and his brothers went their separate ways.  Isaac and his brothers went their separate ways.  Jacob and Esau went their separate ways.  But Jacob’s sons stayed together and became a nation.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 39-41.

It feels like I write this every year, but I want to focus on how Joseph gives us a model on how we should deal with set backs in our lives.  Despite the many set backs Joseph experienced in his life he never stopped doing the best he could.  When his brothers sold him into slavery and he ended up in Potiphar’s house, he worked hard and to the best of his abilities so that he rose to a position of importance in Potiphar’s household.  Then he was falsely accused of attempted rape and thrown into prison.  Once more, he worked hard and to the best of his abilities, rising to a position of importance.  Then God gave him an opportunity to bring himself to the attention of those who could get him released from prison, and they forgot him and left him to rot.  Finally, in God’s time, he got the opportunity to be released from prison.  And at every step along the way Joseph honored God and gave credit to Him for his success.  When Potiphar’s wife tried to seduce him, he rejected the offer on the basis that he would not sin against God.  When he interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh’s two servants in prison, Joseph gave credit to God.  When he interpreted Pharaoh’s dreams, he once again gave credit to God.

Yesterday, I wrote about how very recent archeology shows that there was indeed a kingdom of Edom in the time period covered by the kings of Edom listed in yesterday’s passage.  Today, I spent a little time to see what modern archeology might say about Joseph.  I found that while we do not find a record of someone who matches Joseph we do find a record of a period of good years and famine years which fit that described here.  As importantly, we do not have record of who served in the role which the Genesis account of Joseph suggests that Joseph filled.  But there is a record of a Canaanite (Joseph would have appeared as a Canaanite in Egyptian records) serving in a similar role.  We have no reason to believe this particular Canaanite was Joseph, but it confirms that a Canaanite could fill have risen to that role in Egypt.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 36-38.

I have never understood why this passage contains the genealogy of Edom’s kings.  Today it occurred to me that this might provide information which can be checked against archeological finds.  So, I did a little looking and discovered that, until the late 1990s, the consensus in the field of archeology was that Edom did not exist as a kingdom this early in history.  However, recent finds indicate that there was indeed a kingdom there at the time these kings would have ruled.  Which makes this yet another example where archeologists and historians were convinced that a civilization mentioned in the Bible never actually existed, only to have discoveries confirm that the Biblical account was more accurate than they had wanted to believe.

For a long time I thought that Joseph was a spoiled brat in the account of his behavior before his brothers sold him into slavery, that his brothers’ animosity towards him was partly his fault.  But as I have re-read the passage over the years I have come to the conclusion that he genuinely did not understand that his dreams suggested he thought he would rule over his brothers and father.  The other thing I find interesting is that Joseph’s brothers were pasturing their flocks in the vicinity of Shechem, where a few years earlier they had killed most, if not all, of the men of the town, and Jacob sent his favorite son there without an escort.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Genesis 33-35.

When Jacob and Esau met Jacob acknowledged that the bad blood between them was his fault.  Esau, on the other hand, made it clear that he forgave Jacob and invited Jacob, and his family, join his household.  Jacob politely declined Esau’s invitation.  I point this out because when this passage was explained to me as a child it was used as an example of Jacob’s trickery.  Those who explained it to me believed that Esau intended to force Jacob to become subordinate to himself.  I read this instead as Esau offering Jacob his protection.  In fact, the very next story highlights this.  If Jacob had accepted  Esau’s offer, Jacob would never have been in a position where Shechem would have raped his daughter.  Really, this story is really about Shechem and his father trying to force Jacob to accept a relationship with them similar to the one he rejected with his brother.  Jacob’s sons pretended to be intimidated into going along with Shechem’s plan, but not too intimidated.  Yet, after his sons gained their revenge, Jacob feared that the rest of the locals would come after him and his family.  And what was the result of all of this?  Jacob was reminded of the oath he swore at Bethel when he was heading to Haran all of those many years ago.  Jacob returned to Bethel and had his family begin to practice monotheism, worshiping only God.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.